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In the condition of a sick child, several zones are conventionally distinguished: green, yellow, and red (similar to a traffic light). When children have a cold, they can remain in the safe "green zone" even with a high temperature (up to 41°C, if they do not have severe neurological disorders or heart defects), as fever is a tool in fighting viruses and does not pose a threat on its own. However, there are "red flags" that every parent should be able to recognize in time.
1. The child is lethargic and constantly wants to sleep
The first thing parents should pay attention to is that the child has become less active. A usually cheerful, running, playing child suddenly becomes lethargic. They show no interest in what is happening around, wake up only when you rouse them, immediately fall back asleep, or do not wake up at all.
2. Changes in skin color
If the skin is pale, it is a reason to show the child to a doctor. If it is bright red, "mottled," or ashen gray, it is a signal to urgently consult a pediatrician.
3. Rapid breathing
You can hear "crackling" in the child's chest, or they are "grunting." The breathing rate in children 6-12 months exceeds 50 breaths per minute, and in children over a year old – 40 breaths per minute. In such cases, call an ambulance.
4. Tachycardia
An increased heart rate. In children under one year old, more than 160 beats per minute; in children 1-2 years old, more than 150 beats per minute; and in children 2-5 years old, more than 140 beats per minute.
5. Signs of dehydration
Even with a high fever, a child's skin can be of normal color, and their mucous membranes can be moist. This means that the fluid they lose through sweating, breathing, and urination is being replenished.
If this does not happen, the child's lips and mucous membranes will be dry, and the frequency of urination will decrease (less than once every 4 hours). They will refuse liquids or be unable to swallow them. Infants will suck weakly and infrequently.
In case of suspected dehydration, check the time it takes for a skin fold to smooth out. Pinch the skin on the belly next to the navel between your thumb and forefinger. Then release your fingers: if the fold takes longer than 3 seconds to smooth out, show the child to a doctor. If it takes more than 5 seconds, call an ambulance.
6. Discharge from the ears
Any liquid coming out of the ears – pus or bloody discharge – is most likely a sign of a perforated eardrum that requires immediate examination.
7. Chills, vomiting, and other symptoms
Parents often do not consult a doctor for mild viral infections. However, remember that a doctor must examine the child if they have the following symptoms.
A temperature above 39°C in children aged 3-6 months; fever lasting more than 5 days; chills – a feeling of cold accompanied by muscle trembling; pronounced swelling of the limbs or joints; weakness in an arm or leg.
Immediately call an ambulance if the temperature is above 38°C in a child under 3 months old; a rash does not turn pale when pressed; projectile vomiting; stiff neck/light sensitivity; stool with blood; abdominal pain, especially in the right side; swelling or redness of the scrotum; unexplained persistent weight loss; excessive sweating lasting more than 6 weeks; persistent epileptic seizures; new neurological symptoms: facial asymmetry, speech disturbances, impaired coordination, recurring headaches, or the child not using one or more limbs during play or daily activities.
